Riveting-machine and process of riveting



'1. P. BADENHAUSEN.

RWETING MACHINE AND PROCESS OF RIVETING.

APPLICATION FILED H120. I919 1,340,361 Patented May 18, 1920.

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RIVETING MACHINE AND PROCESS OF RIVETING.

APPLICATION men FEB. 20. 1919.

mama May 18,1920.

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APPLICATIGN FILED FEB. 2th l9l9.

1,340,3 1, Patented May 18,1920.

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JOHN P. BADENHAUSEN, OF PHILADELPRIA, PENNSYLVANIA.

RIVETING-MAGHINE AND PROCESS OF RIVETING.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 18, 1920.

Application filed February 20, 1919. Serial No. 278,199.

To all whom it may concern:

Be, it known that I, JOHN P. BADEN- HAUSEN, a citizen of the United States, residing in Philadelphia, county of Philadelphia, and State of Pennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in R1vet1ng-Mach1nes and Processes of Riveting, of which the following is a' specification.

My invention relates more particularly to a compression yoke type of riveter of a general U-shape form of frame at the open end of which is located the riveting means, and is adapted to be used in riveting on both sides of boiler plates and similar materials.

The main object of this invention is to be able to make use of commercial stock of bars cut to requisite lengths predetermined upon the various thicknesses of plates to be riveted together, and to upset bothends of the cut piece simultaneously for the purpose of producing a rivet head on both sides of the united plates and filling the rivet hole completely. By this means, it is not necessary to carry in stock rivets of various sizes and lengths already provided with a head at one end, but it is only necessary to carry in stock rods of any length whatever, but merely of varying diameters, for any size hole used in plates to be riveted. A rod of a diameter capable of fitting therein may be selected and from the known thickness of the joined plates, a predetermined length of rod may be cut from the rod stock and placed in the rivet hole and upset to form the heads in the manner hereinafter disclosed.

Another object of my invention is to provide means attached to the riveting p ungers or die pieces which coiiperate with the materials to which rivets are to be attached so as to maintain the materials in a median line position with relation to the rivet stock piece.

Another object is to provide means whereby it is unnecessary to make a careful adjustment of the die pieces preliminary to the riveting operation for the various sizes of rivets used.

Another object of this device is also to provide a method of riveting and a means whereby the rivet hole is completely filled with the rivet material without any possibility of a pocket bei formed at one end or the other, or even 1n any other portion of the hole or space in which the rivet is first inserted.

Other useful and advantageous objects will appear in the disclosure hereinafter given.

Referring now to the drawings forming a part of this specification in which the same reference characters are employed to designate the same parts throughout the vanous vlews,

Figure 1 is -a vertical elevation of the complete device with the improvements shown partly in section;

F 1g. 2 is a sectional view of one of the compressible positioning cells which is used for maintaining the materials operated upon in median position, the compressible means used in this form of device comprisin a spring;

ig. 3 is a sectional view of a similar cell, whereby the compressible means is pneumatic; i

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the materials partly riveted together, the rivet dies and the rivet being in partly completed form;

Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the materials riveted with the rivet in complete riveted condition;

Fig. 6 is a vertical elevation of the device shown in Fig. 5;

Fig. 7 is a vertical elevation of a device similar to Fig. l with the exception that both dies are independently movable and the die operating means are each provided with dash-pot balancing means; and

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of another form of cell, somewhat similar to that shown in fieferring more particularly to the drawing, and especially to Fig. 1, I have provided, for the purpose of carrying out my invention and the process herein described, the usual U-shaped form of frame or yoke 1 with the stationary die 2 and the movable die 3, at the open end thereof. On the side of the frame is attached a compressed air cylinder 4 in which operates a suitable (pie- 6 ton 5 attached to the connecting ro which may be connected in the usual manner through a series of links, levers and a to 1e to the plunger 7 of the movable die.

pon the exterior of the movable and fixed die pieces are provided threads 8 and 9 with w ich the positioning cell supporting members 10 and 11 are adapted to cooperate. The supporting members may be tures and may be longitudinally adjusted therein. Lock nuts 15 are provided for the purpose of locking, the cells in ad usted position.

In the form of device shown in Fig. 7, I have provided the Ushaped form of frame or yoke 16 at both sides with movable dies 17 at the open end thereof. At both sides of this frame are secured compressed air cylinders 18 in which operate suitable pistons 19 attached to the connecting rods 29 connected in the usual manner through a series of links. levers, and toggles to the plungers 21 of the movable dies 17.

The die pieces 17 are, as in the form shown in Fig. 1, provided with threads 22 with which the positioning cell supporting members 23 are adapted to cooperate. These supporting members may be adjusted in a direction along the axis of the dies to any position desired and may he secured in adjusted position by means of the lock nuts 24. In the ends of these supporting members are provided threaded apertures 25 within which may be adjustably located the positioning cells proper, the lat ter bearing upon their surfaces threaded portions by which the same may be threaded into the threaded apertures 25 and may be longitudinally adjusted therein. Lock nuts 26 are provided for the purpose of locking the cells in adjusted position.

Each of the cylinders 18 is provided with an extension 27, in the nature of dashots, rigidly secured to the end of the cylmder 18 by means of bolts 28. \Vithin the extension 27 is slidably and reciprocally located an air tight piston 29 which is connected to the piston 19 by means of a connecting piston rod 30 so that the pistons 29 and 19 move in unison in their respective cylinders. The connecting piston rod 30 also passes through a packing box 31 suitably formed upon the separating plate 32, the latter forming a partition between the alined cylinder 18 and extension 27. Whenever the piston 19 is moved upwardly under the influence of compressed air, or similar medium, the piston 29 is similarly operated and the air, which is normally at atmospheric pressure, inclosed in the cylinder extension 27 between the piston 29 and the plate 32 is compressed, the pressure increasing pro ortionately with the extent of movement 0 the piston 29. A check valve direction along the axis of the 33 is provided near the upper end of the extension 27, for automatically establishing communication from the atmosphere to the interior of the cylinder when necessary, for the purpose of replenishing air thereinto upon the downward movement of the piston 29, thereby coi'npensating for any loss of inclosed air due to leakage and for restoring the normal pressure therein to atmospheric pressure if any tendency to produce a partial vacuum occurs by the return of the piston to its lowermost position. Obviously,

the check valve operates to prevent any out-' flow of the inclosed air upon the upward movement of the piston 29. By utilizing these attachments a dash-pot effect or the like is obtained in the riveting operation whereby both of the independently mov able dies are properly maintained in bal anced condition, any differential resistance oilered to the same being compensated for and corrected by these dash-pot device \Vithin each of the cells shown in Fig. 2, is provided a head 34 against which operates a spring 3;) bearing at one end upon said head 34 and at the other end against the cap 36 which is secured in any suitable manner to the rear end of the cell as by screw threads 37. The head 34 is provided with a plunger 38, which leads out of the cell through an opening 39 thereof, the end 40 of the plunger being adapted to engage with the surface of the boiler plates or similar material to be riveted. The amount of pressure exerted upon these plungers is determined by the relative adjustment made between the cell and the supporting members 10 or 11 or 23 as the case may be. It is usual to adjust them so that equal pressure will be produced by all the plungers upon the boiler plates when the latter are located centrally of the rivet stock piece. The cap 36 is provided with an air vent 41 in order that rarefaction or compression of air within the cell chamber shall be relieved and not interfere with the proper functioning of the spring 35.

In the form of cell shown in Fig.- 3, the chamber 42 has slidably and reciprocally located therein an air tight piston 43 to which is rigidly secured a plunger 44, projecting through the opening 45 provided in one end of the cell, the end 46 of the plunger 44 being adapted to engage the surface of the materials to be riveted, in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the form of cell shown in Fig. 2. The other end of the chamber 42 is provided with a cap 47 suitably secured thereto by screw threads 48. This cap is suitably bored to provide a passage 49 ofl'ering communication from a compressed air supply connection 50 through the check valve 51 to the interior of the chamber 42, the check-valve being adapted to close upon any tendency of any air flowing back into the connection 50.

The pressure of the air in this chamber is initially that in the compressed-air line, and upon engagement of the lun ers 44 with the material to be riveted ani zl the movement of the piston 43 in the chamber 4% toward the cap 47, the air in the chamber is compressed, the pressure increasing proportionately with the extent of movement of the piston. The check valve 51 prevents any loss of this pressure by the flow of the air to the air line, but permits replenishing of air in the chamber to initial pressure to compensate for any leakage that may occur as the piston returns to initial position.

In the form of cell shown in Fig. 8, the

chamber 52 has slidably and reciprocally located therein an air tight piston 53 to which is rigidly secured a plunger 54, projecting through the opening 55 provided in one end of the cell, the end 56 of the lunger 54 being adapted to engage the sur ace of the materials to be riveted, in a manner similar to that described above in connection with the form of cell shown in Fig. 2. The other end of the chamber 52 is provided with a cap 57 suitably secured thereto by screw threads 58. This cap is provided with two threaded apertures 59 and 60 adapted to respectively receive a check valve 61 and an adjustable leak vent 62 of an suitable type. Within the chamber 52 an located between the piston 53 and cap 57 is disposed a coil spring 63 of suflicient strength to idly return the piston 53 toward the end of the chamber through which the plunger 54 projects, after the piston has been moved in the opposite direction.

The pressure of the air in the chamber is normally and initially that of the atmosphere and upon movement of the piston 53 toward the cap 57, the air in the chamber is compressed, the pressure increasing proportionately with the extent of the movement of the piston. The check valve 61 permits the replenishing of air into the chamber to the initial pressure to compensate for that forced out through the adjustable leak vent 60 or otherwise lost by leakage as well as preventing any loss of pressure. The vent means 62 is useful for regulating the rate.

or amount of compression of the air in the chamber. A knurled head 64 is provided upon this device by which the size of the vent may be regulated or adjusted or even entirely closed whenever desired.

In carrying out the riveting operation of the device shown in Fig. 1, the rivet piece 65 is cut from a'rod in stock of re uisite diameter to fit the particular size 0 hole used in the plates to be riveted and after heating the same, if desired, the rivet piece is then inserted inthe hole 66 formed in the boiler plates 67 and the movable dies 3 operated to contact with one end of the rivet while the other end of the rivet is in contact with the stationary die 2. As the movable die with its supporting member 11, the positioning cells and plungers 38, 44 or 54 are moved forward, the end of the rod is upset by the die pieces and the plungers 38, 44 or 54 press and carry the boiler plates toward the stationary die as well as the cells attached to the support secured to the stationary die. As a consequence, the compressible medium, such as the spring or the air, in the last-mentioned cells, will be compressed to resist such movement to a point equal to the pressure produced in the cells attached to the movable die so that the boiler plates will be caused to move at a rate equal to one-half that of the movable die. At the same time, the stationary die is equally acting upon the other end of the rivet in also upsetting that portion of it. The upsetting of both ends of the rivet occurs simultaneously and equally. As the dies approach each other and the plates are maintained in median position relative to the center of the rivet member, the rivet stock is caused to flow inwardly through both ends of the hole in the plates and gradually fills up the s ace or clearance whlch is usually allowed tween the rivet shank and the Walls of the hole. Inasmuch as the riveting operation is carried out at both ends of the rivet, the filling-in operation is also carried out simultaneously at both ends of the hole, which results in very rapidly and eificiently filling the same.

Conditions may, however, exist where it would be desirable to utilize movable dies on both sides of the plates and in order to meet such situation, the form of device shown in Fig. 7 of the drawing has been constructed, wherein the stationary die usually appearing in the conventional forms of riveters, is replaced by a movable die, as well as adding the mechanism required for operating this die. Inasmuch as these movable dies are independently mounted and operated, it is found advantageous to provide means for balancing their upsetting movements for any differential resistance that might be encountered by them during the riveting operation, and to accomplish this result the dash-pots described above have been provided.

In performing, therefore, the riveting operation of the device shown in Fig. 7, a rivet piece, 65, is cut from a rod in stock uisite diameter to fit the particular size i hole used in the plates to be riveted and after heating the same, if desired, the rivet piece is then inserted in the hole 66, formed in the boiler plate 67, and the dies are simultaneously 0 rated to contact both .ends of the rivet piece. Any irregularity a tendency to cause an unequal movement thereof and hence the dash-pot will act to correct the same, with the effect of balancing the forces applied on both ends of the rivet piece.

The positioning cells shown in Figs. 2, 3 and 8 operate in this form of device in substantiallv the same manner as in that shown in Fig. 1, and further description of this operation is unessential.

In the event that the plates cannot be moved, the yoke frame will be caused to move relative to the plates in lieu of moving the plates relative to the frame as described above, the action being the same for both forms shown. In this way the plates may be stationarily held without in any way affecting the success of the riveter herein described.

It will also be noted that, Within a certain range, rods of various diameters may be used for a particular size of rivet hole. In other Words, if the particular size of rod best calculated for the hole presented is not in stock, a rod of slightly larger or smaller diameter may be used, it only being essential to cut them respectively slightly shorter or longer in order to finally attain the proper mass for forming a rivet completely filling the hole and having the requisite size of heads.

It is also to be further noted that rods of cylindrical form are not essential, but that rods of other cross-sectional form may be used, it only being important to select the combined dimensions of the cut piece that will satisfy the conditions stated above.

The advantages obtained are therefore believed to be obvious. When the rivet is completely upset, the shank thereof completely fills the hole in the boiler plates, as clearly shown in Fig. 5 of the drawing.

\Vhile I have shown a few forms of means embodying my invention, I do not wish, however, to be limited to the particular structures shown and described, but my invention comprehends such other devices and operations as may come within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described the nature and objects of my invention, what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. In a riveting device, the combination of relatively movable dies and means mounted upon said dies and movable therewith for maintaining the materials to be riveted together in median position relative to the center of the rivet, said means comprising a plurality of longitudinally adjustable cells, a compressible and expansible medium in each of said cells, a movable plunger operating therein against said medium in each of said cells and projecting exteriorly of said cell for engagement with the materials to be riveted together, whereby said materials are constantly maintained equidistant from said dies.

2. In a riveting device comprising a movable die and a stationary die, the combination of means for constantly maintaining the materials to be riveted together in a plane equidistant from the dies, said means comprising supporting members adjustably mounted upon said dies and expansible elements longitudinally adjustable in said supports and engageable with said materials to carry the same toward the stationary die as the movable die is moved toward the stationary die.

3. In a riveting device comprising relatively movable dies, the combination of shanks upon said dies, supporting members adjustably mounted upon said shanks and adapted to move therewith, means adjustably mounted in said supporting members and adapted to move therewith and engage the materials to be riveted together and to constantly maintain the same in a plane equidistant from said dies.

In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand this 18 da of February, 1919.

JOHN BADENHAUSEN. 

